Glossary of Terms

Alliums - are a bulbous plant; garlic and onion are two well-known examples (Gourment Foods, 2023).

Amino Acids - are the building blocks of proteins. When proteins are digested, amino acids are the result. The body then uses amino acids to make beneficial proteins.

Autolyze – a period of time during bread making when only flour and water are combined before a rest period. Afterwards, salt and other ingredients can be added.

Banneton – a proofing basket used to hold the dough for shaped bread as it rises.

Bread Lame - A Lame (pronounced LAHM, meaning “blade” in French) is typically a long thin stick made to hold a metal razor used to cut, or score, bread dough to help control the expansion of the loaf as it bakes (Breadtopia.com, 2024).

Carcinogen – a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue (Oxford Languages, n.d.).

Clear Liquids – are liquids that you can see through at room temperature.

Compote – fruit preserved or cooked in syrup (Oxford Languages, n.d.).

Coulis – a French word for a thin fruit or vegetable puree, used as a sauce (Oxford Languages, n.d.).

Danish Whisk - A Danish dough whisk consists of three differently-sized coils stacked around each other designed to cut through dough without over-mixing or getting stuck (foodnetwork.com, 2021).

Diverticulitis – when one or more of the pouches become inflamed, and in some cases infected, that condition is known as diverticulitis (Mayo Clinic, 2022).

Diverticula – are small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of your digestive system. They are found most often in the lower part of the large intestine (colon) (Mayo Clinic, 2022).

Diverticulosis – the presence of diverticula (Mayo Clinic, 2022).

EIM - extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) where the inflammation caused by IBD moves beyond the gastrointestinal tract to other parts of the body.

Essential Amino Acids - are ones our body cannot produce on their own, so we must obtain them from the foods we eat (Active Vegan Live, 2023).

Extraintestinal Manifestations (EIM) - extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) where the inflammation caused by IBD moves beyond the gastrointestinal tract to other parts of the body.

Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAP) – are a group of carbohydrates that the small intestine absorbs poorly (Veloso, 2024), which can trigger digestive symptoms in some people. Oils are typically not researched, since oils are fats and FODMAPs are only carbohydrates.

Fiber-Restricted Diet – 13.5 grams of fiber daily (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, n.d.).

Flare – a period in which the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is in a stage of active disease.

FODMAP – Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols, (FODMAP) are a group of carbohydrates that the small intestine absorbs poorly (Veloso, 2024), which can trigger digestive symptoms in some people. Oils are typically not researched, since oils are fats and FODMAPs are only carbohydrates.

FODMAP Stacking – when one or more of the different types of FODMAP in the constituent foods in the same meal (or in meals consumed close together) add up to more than the green cut-off point for that FODMAP (Noisy Guts, 2023).

Full Liquids – are liquids that you can and cannot see through at room temperature.

Hooch – the liquid that forms on the top of sourdough bread starter when it needs to be “fed” more flour and water, after a discard.

IBD – Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disease that causes damage to the colon. IBD is a progressive, autoimmune disease that is the umbrella of two subtypes: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) – Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disease that causes damage to the colon. IBD is a progressive, autoimmune disease that is the umbrella of two subtypes: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Insoluble Fiber – is not absorbed by the body, and works as a bulking agent. This type of fiber can have hard bits within it and comes out as part of your stool, which can irritate the intestines (Crohn’s & Colitis of Canada, 2023).

Lame – A Lame (pronounced LAHM, meaning “blade” in French) is typically a long thin stick made to hold a metal razor used to cut, or score, bread dough to help control the expansion of the loaf as it bakes (Breadtopia.com, 2024).

Low-Fiber Diet – 8 grams of fiber daily (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, n.d.).

Medium-Fiber Diet – gradually increases from 15 grams, to 18 grams, then finally 20 grams of fiber daily (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, n.d.).

Microbiome – The microbiome is the collection of all microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and their genes, that naturally live on our bodies and inside us. Although microbes are so small that they require a microscope to see them, they contribute in big ways to human health and wellness. They protect us against pathogens, help our immune system develop, and enable us to digest food to produce energy (National Institute of Health, n.d., “Microbiome”).

Micronutrients – micronutrients are ones our bodies cannot manufacture; therefore, we must get them through our diet.

Non-Steroidal Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) – non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are widely used to treat pain, inflammation, and fevers. They alter the gut microbiome and increase the development of bacteria that irritate the intestinal damage caused by these drugs ( Zádori, Király, Al-Khrasani, & Gyires , 2023).

NSAIDs – non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are widely used to treat pain, inflammation, and fevers. They alter the gut microbiome and increase the development of bacteria that irritate the intestinal damage caused by these drugs ( Zádori, Király, Al-Khrasani, & Gyires , 2023).

Oxidation – During the mixing of a dough, oxidation causes bonds to form which increase the strength of the gluten (sourdough.co.uk, 2024).

Pescatarian – A person who does not eat meat, but does eat fish (Oxford Languages, n.d.)

pH Balance – The term pH balance refers to a measurement of the degree to which a substance is acidic or alkaline. In chemistry, pH is the acronym for "Potential Hydrogen" and it is the measurement of acidity (Kidney Chat, 2023).

Pulse – the edible seed inside the pod of a legume; not a bean.

Raw Diet – A raw food diet can be one that consists of 50-100% raw foods. Raw food is usually restricted to any foodstuff that hasn't been heated or warmed above 48ºC. Processed or refined foods, including those that have been pasteurised and tinned, are usually forbidden (BBC, 2023).

Remission – inflammation stops causing painful damage to the bowel and colon from IBD because the patient’s immune system is working like it should. There is a marked reduction in symptoms.

Residue – undigested food that makes up stool, including fiber (Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, 2023).

Scape – in Botany, a long, leafless flower stalk coming directly from a root (Oxford Languages, n.d.).

Soluble Fiber – attracts water into the intestines creating more watery stool (Crohn’s & Colitis of Canada, 2023).

Stricture – narrowing of the intestines due to IBD scar tissue.

Tea Infuser – To brew loose leaf tea, we often rely on a tea infuser. Dry tea leaves are put into the infuser, which is then placed directly into your cup or teapot. Infusers have holes large enough to let the hot water interact with the leaves, but small enough to stop most of those leaves from escaping (twinnings.co.uk, 2024).

Trigger Foods – are any food that causes unpleasant symptoms. Although they can lead to symptoms, trigger foods don’t necessarily cause harm (or inflammation) to your body. Everyone may have different trigger foods…Some trigger foods will only cause symptoms during active disease and others will be triggers regardless of disease activity (Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, 2023).

Vegan – A vegan is a person who does not eat any food derived from animals and who typically does not use other animal products (Oxford Languages, n.d.).

Vegetarian – A vegetarian is a person who does not eat meat, and sometimes other animal products, especially for moral, religious, or health reasons (Oxford Languages, n.d.).

Last updated December 21, 2024

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